
most government agencies are funded on a yearly basis, with the fiscal year starting october 1. it is congress’ job to write and approve a bill for spending before the fiscal year ends so the funds don’t lapse. this requires more than a simply majority to approve. when there’s a slim majority in congress like we have now, it’s harder to approve these bills.
so when the bills fail to pass before the fiscal year ends, there are no funds allocated to agencies. for employees paid out of these funds, it means they won’t get any pay. there are three things that can happen to a government employee during a shutdown. they can be exempted, excepted, or furloughed.
exempt employees are employees whose services are essential. this would include law enforcement, firefighters, food inspectors, water safety workers, and any position required for these services to continue (like IT and HR). these people will continue to work but won’t be paid until after the shutdown ends. excepted employees continue to work AND GET PAID with alternative funding sources. some agencies collect fees or receive grants that do not lapse at the end of the year.
furloughed employees are employees that do not have an alternative funding source AND are not necessary for health and human safety. these employees will not be paid until the shutdown ends, and they will not be working until it ends either. in fact, they are not ALLOWED to work. keys and ID cards are turned in to their supervisor and locked away.