Roth is money that you invest after taxes and the gains you make from it are not taxed. Max contribution is 7k/year - preferred to max out first 401k/403b is money you divest from your check before its taxed. Taxes are deferred until you start withdrawing the money. Any amount you withdraw will be added to your income for the year and the total amount will be taxed. Max contribution is $23,500/yr HYSA - high yield savings account