Ok so people will reference biblical times thatโs not super relevant. You can go back forever but to get a good understanding all you need to know is post WW1 this huge middle eastern empire (the Ottoman Empire) was destroyed and its land was given to Europeans. After WW1 it looked something like this:
The Arabs felt like this deal was unfair bc the Jews got a disproportionate amount of land, but Zionist would argue although that is true there was also a huge Arab minority that they were accepting. A lot of Jews that were moving to this state were from Europe the Arabs felt like they were being colonized again and the Jews wanted a homeland where they were the majority to avoid another holocaust.
The green areas are controlled by Palestinians and the rest is controlled by Israel. The strip of land to the west is Gaza and its controlled by a radical Islamist group (Hamas). The west green area is called the West Bank and its controlled by the Palestinian authority and theyโre a Palestinian government that Israel allows to exist. The problems people have with Israel now is theyโre claiming that Israeli is committing war crimes in Gaza and is expanding its borders into the West bank.
Israel will defend these actions by saying that Hamas uses civilian clothing and civilian buildings to do terrorist attacks on Israeli. I honestly have no clue how they justify expanding into the West Bank in my opinion thatโs insane. Thereโs a ton of things I skipped over a bunch of stuff but thatโs the summary of it. Also Iran supports Hamas and Israeli was scared they were gonna get a nuke so they attack Iran.