It was a mix of both. Organized violence only goes so far against a nation it requires technology to support that violence. The Aztecs and Incas were both as violent and organized as European armies but lacked the technology which gave Europeans the edge. Same with the Qing dynasty and the early days with Japan
I mean a lot has to do with the introduction of modern capitalism in Europe Property rights laid the groundwork for Britains Industrial Revolution and to the extent New world colonization was instrumental in European dominance it was made possible in large part by joint stock corporations
Not necessarily military. Improved metallurgy may make you better guns, swords and cannons but it also allows you to make better tools for other things. Improvements in sailing helps your warships but also your merchant fleet. The vast majority of technology can help your military in one way or another.