
The problem is that you are thinking merely in terms of wealth generation and not things like morality, humanity, or building a sustainable society. I don’t just mean environmentally sustainable (that too) but literally physically sustainable. You can have all the wealth generation you want but a society with people starving on the street just won’t stay functioning well for very long. That isn’t to say a revolution would happen, it might just be a sad gloomy breakdown or something.
You’re missing the point. Maybe another thought experiment will help. A.) We both harvest 100 pounds of potatoes and sell them for $1 each. B.) You take a job at my farm. With a division of labor and more resources available, we’re able to harvest 100,000 potatoes together. Even if I pay you only $1,000, are you worse off than scenario A?
The gist of the Labor Theory of Value is that the value of a commodity is proportional to the amount of labor time required to produce it. Marx’s specific version adds in a lot of other assumptions (many of which are also wrong) but we have to start by acknowledging that the core claim is objectively false.
I think you’re misunderstanding the video. In the first three minutes, he explains the labor theory of value (LTV) in a very roundabout way. Around 2:50, he gives a vague definition: “The labor theory of value was to say let’s look at commodities, things that are produced that we all need, by focusing on the labor in them.”
He explains the LTV similarly to how I have, even if his version is confusing. The LTV says that the value of a product is determined by the amount of labor required to produce it. At the 3-minute mark, he shifts to explaining what happens if we accept the LTV as true—this is where surplus value theory comes in.
The problem, as I’ve mentioned, is that value is subjective. How much someone values a product depends on their personal preferences and circumstances. You probably get this intuitively—you’d pay a lot more for a glass of water if you were stranded in the desert than if you were at home.
When we apply subjective value to surplus value theory, it falls apart. Both buyers and sellers of labor, like in any other exchange, have their own subjective beliefs about value. An employer only hires someone if they believe they’ll get more value than they pay, *but* the worker only takes the job if they believe their compensation is worth more than the labor they’re selling.
I’m explaining that the point is built on a false premise. Of course they do. If they felt their labor was worth more than their compensation, they would seek another job, start their own business, etc. This sounds like an argument for a robust welfare system, not an argument against capitalism.