I mean he didn’t pass any segregation legislation, so I think the damage is minimized in comparison to his achievements - women voting - federal income tax - federal reserve - 8 hour workday WW2 also vindicated his foreign policy vision. He failed to give Germany a less harsh peace and establish a community of nations, but after ww2 that’s what Western Europe did
Wilson put into place regulations that basically made it impossible for black people to get jobs in the federal government it famously led to a situation where one black worker who was in the federal government who couldn’t be segregated due to the nature of his work had to have a cage built around him to separate him enough. Then there was screening of Birth of A Nation which he praised for its accuracy. He emboldened the KKK to become more prominent and told them they’ve been on the right 1/2
Side of history. He also signed the Alien and Sedition acts which were awful. The Sedition Act wasn’t repealed until December 1920, 2 years after they were passed initially (and 2 years after the end of the war) and the Ailien Enemy Act is still on the books plus it set in motion for the government to target certain people during the 1st red scare.
Women rights to vote didn’t come about until after he had his stroke and Edith Wilson was basically running the country. And I do agree the 14 points and American presence in the League of Nations would’ve been good, but he was a good part of the reason why the efforts failed because his messiah complex got in the way of winning over broader support.
His record on civil rights is indeed really terrible like you mentioned. I guess all I can say is that at least he didn’t pass any legislation so mabye the lasting damage is less. Compare that to something like the sixteenth amendment (allowed fed income tax) which is perhaps less of a moral imperative than civil rights but it ultimately made the New Deal possible and pretty much everything that stems from that
Legislation no but executive orders yes which did make segregation worse. And by emboldening and empowering the KKK it strengthened racists hold on the Democratic Party which would make it harder down the line for even figures like FDR to have to balance the emboldened Dixiecrats all the way until Johnson had to fight the Dixiecrat filibusters. As for the economics honestly I don’t fault him for them but they were going to be implemented one way or another. Certainly by Roosevelt if he won 1/2
And probably from Taft had he gotten to become the lame duck and didn’t have to worry about reelection with the business wing of the party. The economic progressivism had become more in line with the moment by the end of Wilson. So no I admit that things like the income tax were good but I don’t think they come anywhere close to outweighing how he emboldened racism and continued his wartime over stepping influencing the first red scare and setting up for further bills like the Espionage Act.
I feel like it’s kinda hard to quantify the impact in an objective way. I tend to think that the president is more a moral reflection of a country than a “moral leader”. Unless they manage to pass legislation that chances the dynamic of everyday life. In this way it seems like his racism was more a symptom not a cause in itself (though it definitely didn’t help) Also I don’t think FDR could pass the 16th sense it was a constitutional amendment and idk if he had the majority for that
I read a bit more about the espionage act. The part pertaining to speech got axed by congress in the 20s the part we have now mainly pertains to sharing government secrets. I feel like that’s a more reasonable piece of legislation sense they mainly used it to prosecute Soviet spies. I know it’s been used against Snowden it seems like it really just lacks a “whisblower” clauses rather than being fundamentally. bad